IELTS Test 15 2021
Reading Test
Answer Keys
1
C
2
H
3
J
4
D
5
F
6
E
7
G
8
I
9
A
10
B
11
A
12
E
13
B
14
D
15
A
16
B
17-17
C,D
18
A
19
C
20
A
21
concentration camps
22
caught
23
allied armen
24
smuggling
25
accolades
26
YES
27
NO
28
YES
29
YES
30
NO
31
YES
32
NOT GIVEN
33
quantities
34
trend
35
severe winters|very cold weather
36
(subtle) climatic change
37
A
38
E
39
D
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
A gentle giant and a pint-sized bully
Though a giant - more horse than dog, some say - the Irish Wolfhound, towering over his canine brethren, makes a surprisingly good pet. Hard as it may be to imagine how a hound bred for wolf-hunting, with muscular limbs, a swift turn of pace, the eyesight of an eagle, the stature of a thoroughbred, primed for, and indeed employed in, battle many times for war-hungry Celtic lords of yore, could possibly cut the mustard as a domestic pet, trust me: looks can be deceiving. In fact, despite his size and reputation, the wolfhound is becoming an increasingly popular pet choice for many families up and down the country.
Why? Well, there is a number of very good reasons. Firstly, the wolfhound is of above-average intelligence, and, therefore, responds very well to obedience training (provided the training is done from an early age, otherwise the animal’s strong prey drive may hinder development in this area). Secondly, he is very good-natured; despite the hound’s reputation as a fierce, battle-hardened animal, he is, in fact, very calm and even-tempered. Thirdly, the Irish Wolfhound is a very social animal and does well with young children. He views himself as a member of the family and so will be fiercely protective of all his ‘siblings’ and will not intentionally let any of them get in harm’s way, though his considerable frame and slight clumsiness can lead to collisions if the little members of the household don’t watch where they are going.
Though the Irish Wolfhound makes an adequate guard dog, he is, surprisingly perhaps, not terribly strong in this department. The hound tends to be aloof with strangers rather than aggressive towards them, and he may not, at least initially, bark at intruders, therefore scoring low in the watchdog department as well by failing to sound the alarm or alert the other members of the household to danger in good time. If he is provoked, however, or if a member of his ‘pack’ is threatened, his primeval instincts kick in. When that happens, intruders’d better look out!
He is a very needy pet and a large enclosed backyard is a must-have for any prospective owner because though he is easily house-trained, it is simply not fair to keep a dog of his size cooped up inside all day. His appetite is huge and this is one of the practicalities to consider before buying a Wolfhound - can you afford him? His large appetite also means that regular exercise is essential in order for him to remain healthy and at a reasonably good weight. Five-minute walks to the corner shop will not do; this animal needs proper exercise and should be taken out for between one and two hours each day. Another practicality, and also a factor that influences cost (the cost of clean-up), is his tendency to shed. Irish Wolfhounds shed a lot of fur and dog hair will likely be deposited all over the house in vast quantities. If all this is bearable and if you still want a cuddly, affectionate giant anyway, then go for it! The Irish Wolfhound will provide you with many years of loyalty and friendship.
The truth, though, is that not everyone has the space to accommodate such a beast. And, indeed, others would struggle to find the time to devote to this needy creature. The alternative, perhaps, is the comparably tiny little West Highland White Terrier. The Highland and the Wolfhound have one very important thing in common; they are both fantastic with kids. It is here, though, that the similarity ends. The Highland sheds virtually no hair at all, so you won’t be cleaning up after him all the time. He also loves to make noise, making him the perfect watchdog and quick to alert you when anything suspicious occurs. His size limits his ability to respond meaningfully to any real threat discovered though. Compared to the Wolfhound, he is a little more of a challenge in the training department, and must be monitored carefully and shown his place in the ‘pack’, otherwise his aggressive streak may come out and take over.
In almost every way possible, the Highland and the Wolfhound are different characters. The Highland could never be described as placid, and, in fact, is extremely excitable and very energetic. This little fellow suffers from a size complex of sorts, too, which sees him determined to boss those around him and have his way, despite his modest profile. He is not that interested in ‘cuddles’ either, so don’t let his size fool you into suggesting otherwise -this is no toy dog. And he is, in general, not the most affectionate of dogs, being far happier digging up your garden or barking at the neighbour’s cat than lying in the arms of his owner. So, while the Wolfhound is a gentle giant, the West Highland is, well, a little terrier in every sense of the word.
But while their character may differ, their fondness for exercise does not. The Highland is an intelligent breed and needs stimulation; regular walks are essential. He also has a penchant for water and loves to go swimming. And while he is excellent with older kids, toddlers should not be left alone around the Highland as their size, coupled with their noisiness and hyperactivity, may prompt an aggressive response from the dog.
Though both breeds have their strengths and weaknesses as pets, overall, either would make an excellent addition to the family. The West Highland will be content enough indoors, provided he gets regular exercise, but the Wolfhound must have an outdoor play area. And that is the one point I must emphasize; don’t buy a Wolfhound unless you have plenty of room.
Why? Well, there is a number of very good reasons. Firstly, the wolfhound is of above-average intelligence, and, therefore, responds very well to obedience training (provided the training is done from an early age, otherwise the animal’s strong prey drive may hinder development in this area). Secondly, he is very good-natured; despite the hound’s reputation as a fierce, battle-hardened animal, he is, in fact, very calm and even-tempered. Thirdly, the Irish Wolfhound is a very social animal and does well with young children. He views himself as a member of the family and so will be fiercely protective of all his ‘siblings’ and will not intentionally let any of them get in harm’s way, though his considerable frame and slight clumsiness can lead to collisions if the little members of the household don’t watch where they are going.
Though the Irish Wolfhound makes an adequate guard dog, he is, surprisingly perhaps, not terribly strong in this department. The hound tends to be aloof with strangers rather than aggressive towards them, and he may not, at least initially, bark at intruders, therefore scoring low in the watchdog department as well by failing to sound the alarm or alert the other members of the household to danger in good time. If he is provoked, however, or if a member of his ‘pack’ is threatened, his primeval instincts kick in. When that happens, intruders’d better look out!
He is a very needy pet and a large enclosed backyard is a must-have for any prospective owner because though he is easily house-trained, it is simply not fair to keep a dog of his size cooped up inside all day. His appetite is huge and this is one of the practicalities to consider before buying a Wolfhound - can you afford him? His large appetite also means that regular exercise is essential in order for him to remain healthy and at a reasonably good weight. Five-minute walks to the corner shop will not do; this animal needs proper exercise and should be taken out for between one and two hours each day. Another practicality, and also a factor that influences cost (the cost of clean-up), is his tendency to shed. Irish Wolfhounds shed a lot of fur and dog hair will likely be deposited all over the house in vast quantities. If all this is bearable and if you still want a cuddly, affectionate giant anyway, then go for it! The Irish Wolfhound will provide you with many years of loyalty and friendship.
The truth, though, is that not everyone has the space to accommodate such a beast. And, indeed, others would struggle to find the time to devote to this needy creature. The alternative, perhaps, is the comparably tiny little West Highland White Terrier. The Highland and the Wolfhound have one very important thing in common; they are both fantastic with kids. It is here, though, that the similarity ends. The Highland sheds virtually no hair at all, so you won’t be cleaning up after him all the time. He also loves to make noise, making him the perfect watchdog and quick to alert you when anything suspicious occurs. His size limits his ability to respond meaningfully to any real threat discovered though. Compared to the Wolfhound, he is a little more of a challenge in the training department, and must be monitored carefully and shown his place in the ‘pack’, otherwise his aggressive streak may come out and take over.
In almost every way possible, the Highland and the Wolfhound are different characters. The Highland could never be described as placid, and, in fact, is extremely excitable and very energetic. This little fellow suffers from a size complex of sorts, too, which sees him determined to boss those around him and have his way, despite his modest profile. He is not that interested in ‘cuddles’ either, so don’t let his size fool you into suggesting otherwise -this is no toy dog. And he is, in general, not the most affectionate of dogs, being far happier digging up your garden or barking at the neighbour’s cat than lying in the arms of his owner. So, while the Wolfhound is a gentle giant, the West Highland is, well, a little terrier in every sense of the word.
But while their character may differ, their fondness for exercise does not. The Highland is an intelligent breed and needs stimulation; regular walks are essential. He also has a penchant for water and loves to go swimming. And while he is excellent with older kids, toddlers should not be left alone around the Highland as their size, coupled with their noisiness and hyperactivity, may prompt an aggressive response from the dog.
Though both breeds have their strengths and weaknesses as pets, overall, either would make an excellent addition to the family. The West Highland will be content enough indoors, provided he gets regular exercise, but the Wolfhound must have an outdoor play area. And that is the one point I must emphasize; don’t buy a Wolfhound unless you have plenty of room.
SECTION 1: QUESTIONS 1-13
Questions 1-10
Complete the table below.Choose 10 answers from the box and write the correct letter, a-i, next to questions 1-10.
A | not very tolerant of or interested in gestures of affection from children (or any member of the family) |
B | generally well-behaved around children, but inclined to react badly to very young children who are loud and energetic |
C | reacts well to training once training has commenced at an early stage in life |
D | strong sense of pack loyalty makes it want to look after and care for young family members |
E | restless and can make itself a bit of a nuisance around the house and in the garden |
F | reasonably good with children of all ages, though its natural awkwardness can mean it poses a slight danger to young ones |
G | must be taught its place in the hierarchy otherwise may try to dominate |
H | a typically sedate and unexcitable temperament |
I | requires more training and supervision |
J | success of late-start training may be hindered by the animal’s strong hunting instincts |
K | better with younger children to whom its size poses less of a threat |
L | training from a young age is essential, otherwise it will lack confidence |
Irish Wolfhound
West Highland White Terrier
Temperament and Considerations When Training:
1
2
3
6
7
8
Behaviour around Children:
4
5
9
10
West Highland White Terrier
Temperament and Considerations When Training:
1
2
3
6
7
8
Behaviour around Children:
4
5
9
10
1. Answer: C
2. Answer: H
3. Answer: J
4. Answer: D
5. Answer: F
6. Answer: E
7. Answer: G
8. Answer: I
9. Answer: A
10. Answer: B
Questions 11-13
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-E, below.Write the correct letter, A-E.
A | actually makes a pretty ineffectual watchdog, being slow to react to intruders or to perceive them as a threat. |
B | it is important to consider the costs of feeding and cleaning up after it, as well as the space requirements for keeping one, before making the decision to purchase. |
C | but it should never be left unsupervised around children of any age since it has an excitable temperament and can be aggressive towards them. |
D | is actually a fierce guard dog, alerting family members at the slightest hint that something is wrong. |
E | though it is largely ineffectual when it comes to neutralising any threats that have been identified. |
11
The Irish Wolfhound, despite its size and reputation
12
The West Highland White Terrier is quick to respond to intruders and alert the other members of the household
13
Granted the Irish Wolfhound has the ideal temperament to become a loyal member of the family
The Irish Wolfhound, despite its size and reputation
12
The West Highland White Terrier is quick to respond to intruders and alert the other members of the household
13
Granted the Irish Wolfhound has the ideal temperament to become a loyal member of the family
11. Answer: A
12. Answer: E
13. Answer: B
SECTION 2: QUESTIONS 14-26
Questions 14-16
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
14
O’Flaherty went to Rome
A voluntarily for personal reasons as he wanted to pursue his studies there.
B after completing his studies at Mungret College in Limerick and becoming a priest.
C at the same time as a Mussolini went to study there.
D under the instructions of the religious organisation of which he was a part.
A voluntarily for personal reasons as he wanted to pursue his studies there.
B after completing his studies at Mungret College in Limerick and becoming a priest.
C at the same time as a Mussolini went to study there.
D under the instructions of the religious organisation of which he was a part.
14. Answer: D
15
O’Flaherty’s golfing talents
A were exploited by him as a means by which to meet and influence important people.
B were the product of his extremely hard work and tireless practice from a young age.
C went unnoticed until he was posted in Italy where they impressed a number of high-profile individuals.
D were exaggerated by friends and connections in order to win him favour with the German and Italian authorities.
A were exploited by him as a means by which to meet and influence important people.
B were the product of his extremely hard work and tireless practice from a young age.
C went unnoticed until he was posted in Italy where they impressed a number of high-profile individuals.
D were exaggerated by friends and connections in order to win him favour with the German and Italian authorities.
15. Answer: A
16
When it came to Nazi ideology, O’Flaherty’s beliefs
A were similar to those of Jews, blacks and gypsies, who viewed the German interference in Italy as unwanted.
B were influenced by the conclusions he had drawn from socialising with certain groups of people in the past.
C were in keeping up with the stated views of the German and Italian governments.
D were similarly hostile and extreme as he was influenced by fascist propaganda.
A were similar to those of Jews, blacks and gypsies, who viewed the German interference in Italy as unwanted.
B were influenced by the conclusions he had drawn from socialising with certain groups of people in the past.
C were in keeping up with the stated views of the German and Italian governments.
D were similarly hostile and extreme as he was influenced by fascist propaganda.
16. Answer: B
Questions 17-18
There are TWO correct answers.Choose TWO letters from A, B, C, D and E.
Where did O’Flaherty conceal the people he had taken into his care?
A in the place at which he was then
studying
B in a former college that had been
converted into a network of apartments
C in the place where he ofcially lived
at the time
D in the residences of certain religious
groups
E in the houses of old friends of his
studying
B in a former college that had been
converted into a network of apartments
C in the place where he ofcially lived
at the time
D in the residences of certain religious
groups
E in the houses of old friends of his
17. Answer: C,D
Questions 19-21
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
19
What impressive aspect of the actions of O’Flaherty’s helpers does the writer highlight?
A how eager they were to help him
B how many of them were willing to volunteer
C their disregard for the possible consequences of being caught
D their ability to coordinate and work together
A how eager they were to help him
B how many of them were willing to volunteer
C their disregard for the possible consequences of being caught
D their ability to coordinate and work together
18. Answer: A
20
Why was O’Flaherty nicknamed the Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican?
A He resembled a Scarlet Pimpernel in the disguises he used to wear.
B He often disguised himself as a Vatican priest.
C He had successfully used disguises to avoid being identified.
D He had earned a Master’s in the art of disguise.
A He resembled a Scarlet Pimpernel in the disguises he used to wear.
B He often disguised himself as a Vatican priest.
C He had successfully used disguises to avoid being identified.
D He had earned a Master’s in the art of disguise.
19. Answer: C
21
What impression does the writer leave us with of his own personal feelings with respect to O’Flaherty’s life and achievements?
A He admires O’Flaherty’s bravery and determination to stop injustice.
B He admires O’Flaherty’s loyalty to the Vatican and his church.
C He feels that Margaret Mead was a superior speech-maker to O’Flaherty.
D He feels he didn’t get the recognition he deserves for his achievements.
A He admires O’Flaherty’s bravery and determination to stop injustice.
B He admires O’Flaherty’s loyalty to the Vatican and his church.
C He feels that Margaret Mead was a superior speech-maker to O’Flaherty.
D He feels he didn’t get the recognition he deserves for his achievements.
20. Answer: A
Questions 22-26
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.A moral, determined and resourceful man
O’Flaherty’s personal beliefs were at loggerheads with fascist ideology, which he saw as mindless propaganda, so he took it upon himself to combat the injustices being perpetrated against Jews and other minority groups at the hands of the German and Italian police, who, acting on orders from above, were rounding said groups up to be sent to 22
Initially, O'Flaherty used familiar places as hideouts for the people he was trying to conceal. However, as the situation started to deteriorate, and more and more people were in need of assistance, he was forced to call upon old friends and contacts for help. In helping O’Flaherty, these friends showed their own bravery as getting 23 might have cost them their lives.
Not only did O’Flaherty help the ‘unwanted’, he also extended his assistance to fallen 24 , as wel1 as British soldiers who had been detained by the Germans. By the war’s end, the lives of 6,500 people had been spared thanks to O’Flaherty and his helpers.
So effective had he been at 25 Jews and servicemen inside that he earned the nickname The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican. O’Flaherty received a huge number of 26 from countries all around the world in acknowledgement of his war-time feats.
Initially, O'Flaherty used familiar places as hideouts for the people he was trying to conceal. However, as the situation started to deteriorate, and more and more people were in need of assistance, he was forced to call upon old friends and contacts for help. In helping O’Flaherty, these friends showed their own bravery as getting 23 might have cost them their lives.
Not only did O’Flaherty help the ‘unwanted’, he also extended his assistance to fallen 24 , as wel1 as British soldiers who had been detained by the Germans. By the war’s end, the lives of 6,500 people had been spared thanks to O’Flaherty and his helpers.
So effective had he been at 25 Jews and servicemen inside that he earned the nickname The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican. O’Flaherty received a huge number of 26 from countries all around the world in acknowledgement of his war-time feats.
21. Answer: concentration camps
22. Answer: caught
23. Answer: allied armen
24. Answer: smuggling
25. Answer: accolades
SECTION 3: QUESTIONS 27-40
Questions 27-33
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?Write:
YES | if the statement agrees with the views of the writer |
NO | if the statement contradicts the views of the writer |
NOT GIVEN | if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this |
27
When a warm front from an extratropical cyclone meets a cold front, snow is more likely to occur on the poleward side of the weather system.
28
Lake-effect snow is aptly named, given that it is a weather phenomenon which is only associated with lakes.
29
Heavy snowfall is more likely to be seen on the side of the mountain that is exposed to high winds.
30
In the absence of dust or a similar particle to start the freezing process, supercool moisture will not freeze in a cloud whose mean temperature is -34 degrees or more.
31
The real colour of snow is the same as the colour snow appears to be to the human eye.
32
Snowflakes shaped like a prism are more likely to form in milder weather than are flakes with more intricate growth patterns.
33
The thin flat crystals created at temperatures of between zero and minus three degrees Celsius are more voluminous than column-like crystals.
When a warm front from an extratropical cyclone meets a cold front, snow is more likely to occur on the poleward side of the weather system.
28
Lake-effect snow is aptly named, given that it is a weather phenomenon which is only associated with lakes.
29
Heavy snowfall is more likely to be seen on the side of the mountain that is exposed to high winds.
30
In the absence of dust or a similar particle to start the freezing process, supercool moisture will not freeze in a cloud whose mean temperature is -34 degrees or more.
31
The real colour of snow is the same as the colour snow appears to be to the human eye.
32
Snowflakes shaped like a prism are more likely to form in milder weather than are flakes with more intricate growth patterns.
33
The thin flat crystals created at temperatures of between zero and minus three degrees Celsius are more voluminous than column-like crystals.
26. Answer: YES
27. Answer: NO
28. Answer: YES
29. Answer: YES
30. Answer: NO
31. Answer: YES
32. Answer: NOT GIVEN
Questions 34-37
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
While snowfall is not an uncommon feature of a United Kingdom winter, it is rare for significant
34 to accumulate, or for the snow to remain on the ground for any great length of time.
Three consecutive winters have failed to follow the 35 towards milder, wetter weather.
Despite its latitude, the British Isles does not suffer from 36 on account of the influence of the Gulf Stream.
Should next winter be another unusually cold one, this may be indicative of the fact that a 37 is under way.
34 to accumulate, or for the snow to remain on the ground for any great length of time.
Three consecutive winters have failed to follow the 35 towards milder, wetter weather.
Despite its latitude, the British Isles does not suffer from 36 on account of the influence of the Gulf Stream.
Should next winter be another unusually cold one, this may be indicative of the fact that a 37 is under way.
33. Answer: quantities
34. Answer: trend
35. Answer: severe winters|very cold weather
36. Answer: (subtle) climatic change
Questions 38-40
Complete the summary with the list of words A-F below.Write the correct letter, A-F, in spaces 38-40 below.
The British Winter
A | uninterrupted |
B | mild |
C | strengthening |
D | waning |
E | extreme |
F | direct |
Snowfall is not an uncommon sight in Britain during winter, but such weather rarely persists for very long. In fact, up until a few years ago, it looked like British winters were getting milder. However, this perception has changed fairly dramatically over the last three winters, which have been the longest 38
period of cold winters for more than half a century. It is now feared that the climate of the British Isles is changing and that, should the next few winters be equally severe, this could signal a permanent move to more 39
winter weather in general. Scientists blame sunspot and geothermal activity as well as the 40
influence of the Gulf Stream, which, until now, has kept Britain’s climate milder than that of areas of similar latitude throughout the rest of the world.
period of cold winters for more than half a century. It is now feared that the climate of the British Isles is changing and that, should the next few winters be equally severe, this could signal a permanent move to more 39
winter weather in general. Scientists blame sunspot and geothermal activity as well as the 40
influence of the Gulf Stream, which, until now, has kept Britain’s climate milder than that of areas of similar latitude throughout the rest of the world.
37. Answer: A
38. Answer: E
39. Answer: D